Structure can be classified into various types on considering various Categories
As per IRC – 5 – 2015 ,
Bridges are classified on the basis of their principal function, material used in construction, length, structural form, system of support, construction technology and deck level with respect to highest flood level. the broad details of bridge classification are as follows
(I) Length Basic
On first , structure is classified with Span
Culvert – Span upto to 6.0m
Minor Bridge – Span from 6m to 60m
Major Bridge – Span above 60m
Bridge having span length (s) of 150m or more are classified as long span bridges
Classification of Culvert Based on Type
Pipe Culvert
This type of structure are a round pipe is buried below the road embankment to make a passage for water Movement .
This are precast structure easily available in market as per Indian Standards IS-458- 2003
Box Culvert
- This type of structures are cement concrete wall on all four sides, by giving passage to water flow
- Box culvert can be Designed to any span & height.
- Sometimes Box structure may also be adopted to minor bridge on basic of site requirement
Slab Culvert
- Side Wall may be with PCC & Stone Masonry, Top side is covered by RCC Slab
This type of structure is outdated mostly not in use now days
(II) Based on Function
Based on functions, bridge are classified as under
- River bridge/Bridge over stream
- Viaduct
- Flyover
- Grade Separators
- Road over bridge
- Road Under Bridge
- Foot Over Bridge
- Underpasses
- Subways
- Overpass
Viaduct
A Viaduct is a bridge structure across dry ground/ terrain
Flyover
A bridge over another road for allowing traffic without interuption, with its approaches on both side
Grade Seprator
Grade seprator is a bridge which facilates movement of traffic by segregating ‘ at -grade ‘ conflicting movements to different level
Road over Bridge – RoB
Road over bridge is a bridge bulit over the railway tracks
Road under Bridge – RuB
Road under bridge is astructure built beneath the railway tracks
Foot under Bridge
A foot over bridge is a bridge over a road or other obstruction, for exclusive use of pedestrians.
Underpass
Underpass is a structure allowing uninterrupted movement of traffic beneath a reference roadway. An underpass is classified as Cattle Underpass (CUP). pedestrian underpass (PUP) and Vehicular underpass(VUP) depending on principal user.
Subway
A Subway is usually mean for pedestrian use and comprises of structure below a road with stair/ramps/escalator.
Overpass
Overpass is a bridge carrying another road over reference road.
(III) Based on Superstructure
Based on form and type of structures, bridge are classified as under :
- Arch
- Solid Slab
- Voided Slab
- T- Beam and slab
- Suspension
- cable Stayed
- Extra – dosed
- Extra-dosed
- Box Girder
- Single/Multi-Cell Box
- Truss
Based on Support for Superstructures
- Simply supported
- Continuous
- Integral
- Balanced Cantilever
- Cable Supported
(IV)Based on Material
- Stone & Brick masonary
- Reinforced Concrete
- Pre-Stressed Concrete
- Fibre reinforced concrete
- steel
- composite
- Timber
(V)Based on Construction Technology
- In-situ Construction
- Precast or Prefabricated
- Cantilever
- Incremental launching
- Span by Span
- Segmental
(VI)Based on Water Level
River Bridge/Bridges over streams are classified based on difference in roadway level and ground level/high flood level (HFL) as Under
High Level Bridge :
A High level bridge which carries the roadway above the highest flood level (HFL) of a channel(Including afflux) or the high tide level, with approproiate vertical clearance.
Submersible Bridge
Submersible bridge is a bridge designed to be overtopped during flood
BRIDGE ENGINEERING 